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How to search for supplementary participles


Marco V. Fabbri

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According to Blass-Debrunner-Funk § 416, a Participle dependent on verbs of perception and cognition takes “the accusative (or genitive) if it refers to the object.”

 

This makes for a few very interesting searches in the syntax of GNT-T.

 

First we will search for the Accusative supplementary Participle:


  1.  
  2. Open a new Search Text, choose GNT-T as search text, and choose to search for Words (not Verses) within every Chapter or Book (not Verse, etc)
  3. Open a new Greek Constuct (Command-2), that will be automatically linked to the Search Text
  4. In the Greek Construct window, drag the Clause element and drop it into the first column
  5. When prompted, choose Dependent and Complement, then click OK or press Return
  6. Drag the Verb element and drop it into the first column of the Compl. DEPENDENT Clause
  7. When prompted, choose Mood: participle and Case: Accusative, then click OK or press Return
  8. Drag the Subject element and drop it into the second column of the Compl. DEPENDENT Clause
  9. When prompted, choose Any, then click OK or press Return
  10. Drag the ANY element and drop it into the same column that already contains the Subject element
  11. When prompted, type Accusative, then click OK
  12. Select “Search both directions,” near the search button.
  13. Press Return, or click on the search button.

 

We find all Complement Clauses, whose verb is a Participle that takes the Accusative case, and whose Subject takes the Accusative.

 

It looks as follows:

 

post-76-078234100 1320075091_thumb.png

 

It is interesting to go through the verbs that are complemented by the participial Clauses: they are εὑρίσκω, βλέπω, ἀκούω, θεωρέω, ἐπίσταμαι, ὁράω (εἶδον). They are all in DBF § 416, grouped as (1) verbs of cognition; (2) verbs of perception.

 

Second, we will search for the Genitive supplementary Participle

 

To search for the genitive, it will be enough to modify the existing search, changing accusative into genitive.

The steps are the following:


  1.  
  2. Within the element VERB participle accusative, select only the word “accusative”
  3. Type “genitive” instead
  4. Within the element ANY accusative, select only the word “accusative”
  5. Type “genitive” instead
  6. Press Return, or click on the search button.

 

We find all Complement Clauses, whose verb is a Participle that takes the Genitive case, and whose Subject takes the Genitive.

 

In the search range Mat-Acts there are only 31 hits: 15 clauses are found, that contain two element each, except for Acts 15:12 that contains three. If we scroll trough the results, we will notice that the participial Clauses that take the Genitive are always the complement of the verb ἀκούω.

 

It will look as follows:

 

post-76-063570300 1320075150_thumb.png

 

Third, we will search for any supplementary Participle

 

If we wanted to search for Complement Clauses, whose verb is a Participle that takes the either the Genitive case or the Accusative case, then we would to remove the case from the construct. Instead, we will have the Subject agree in case with the Participle.

 

The steps would be:


  1.  
  2. Open a new Search Text, choose GNT-T as search text, and choose to search for Words (not Verses) within every Chapter or Book (not Verse, etc)
  3. Open a new Greek Constuct (Command-2), that will be automatically linked to the Search Text
  4. In the Greek Construct window, drag the Clause element and drop it into the first column
  5. When prompted, choose Dependent and Complement, then click OK or press Return
  6. Drag the Verb element and drop it into the first column of the Compl. DEPENDENT Clause
  7. When prompted, choose Mood: Participle, then click OK or press Return
  8. Drag the Subject element and drop it into the second column of the Compl. DEPENDENT Clause
  9. When prompted, choose Any, then click OK or press Return
  10. Drag the connecting element AGREE, and drop it into the Compl. DEPENDENT, so that it may connect VERB and SUBJECT.
  11. When prompted, select “Case” for agreement, then click OK or press Return
  12. Select “Search both directions,” near the search button
  13. Press Return, or click on the search button.

 

It would look like this:

 

post-76-095655500 1320075219_thumb.png

 

If we scroll through the results to the beginning of Acts, as I have done in the picture, we can see that the supplementary Participle takes the Accusative in Acts 1:11, and takes the genitive in Acts 2:6. In both cases the verb in the superordinate clause is ἀκούω. This suggest a new search, in which ἀκούω is included as the verb that is supplemented by the participle.

 

Fourth, we will search for any supplementary Participles as complement of ἀκούω

 

In order to add ἀκούω to the search, we will need to make the Complement Clause part of a Predicate Phrase, that also includes ἀκούω.

 

The steps would be:


  1.  
  2. Open a new Search Text, choose GNT-T as search text, and choose to search for Words (not Verses) within every Chapter or Book (not Verse, etc)
  3. Open a new Greek Constuct (Command-2), that will be automatically linked to the Search Text
  4. In the Greek Construct window, drag the Phrase element and drop it into the first column
  5. When prompted, choose Predicate, then click OK or press Return
  6. Drag the LEX element and drop it into the first column
  7. When prompted, type akouw, then click OK or press Return
  8. Drag the Clause element and drop it into the second column
  9. When prompted, choose Dependent and Complement, then click OK or press Return
  10. Drag the Subject element and drop it into the first column of the Compl. DEPENDENT Clause
  11. When prompted, choose Any, then click OK or press Return
  12. Drag the Verb element and drop it into the second column of the Compl. DEPENDENT Clause
  13. When prompted, choose Mood: Participle, then click OK or press Return
  14. Drag the connecting element AGREE, and drop it into Compl. DEPENDENT, so that it may connect VERB and SUBJECT.
  15. When prompted, select “Case” for agreement, then click OK or press Return
  16. Select “Search both directions,” near the search button
  17. Press Return, or click on the search button.

 

The result will look like this:

 

post-76-038908800 1320075268_thumb.png

 

The difference is that also ἀκούω is in red, as it was an element of our search.

If we scroll through the results, when we reach Acts 22:7 and 26:14, we will notice an important difference.

Acts 22:7 says: ἤκουσα φωνῆς λεγούσης, while Acts 26:14 says ἤκουσα φωνὴν λέγουσαν.

 

Isn't this cool?

 

I hope this helps. If there are questions, they may be posted as replies to the topic.

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