In the GNT-T syntax add-on, circumstantial (also called adverbial) Clauses are an important subset of Adjunct Clauses, namely those that depend on a Predicate Phrase. Among circumstantial Clauses we can find such well-known sub-classes of Clauses as causal Clauses, temporal Clauses, purpose Clauses, result Clauses, and so on.
How can we distinguish between on sub-class and another? I am calling them sub-classes for practical purposes, that will become apparent later. For now, let's say that a distinction is drawn basing on the semantics of the conjunction that introduces the Clause.
Let's give a few examples of conjunctions and corresponding circumstantial Clauses: the conjunction ὅτι introduces a causal Clause, the conjunction ὅτε introduces a temporal Clause, the conjunction ὥστε introduces a result Clause, the conjunction ὅπως introduces a purpose Clause, the conjunction εἰ introduce a conditional Clause, and so on.
In Accordance, even without the syntax add-on the GNT-T module allows us to search for conjunctions: in the Search Text window, we can enter a group of conjunctions, let's say conditional conjunctions. We may write by hand:
ει <OR> εαν <OR> ειπερ
Or we may use the "Enter Tag" search command, as follows:
- Open the Search Text window
- From the Menu Search, select "Enter Tag", then choose "Conjunction"
- When prompted, select Subclass "conditional", then press Return or click OK
- Press Return or click on the Search button to perform the search
The results will show all the verses that contain one of the conditional conjunctions. In order to know what conjunctions were found, we can click on the Details menu, and choose Analysis.
Now enters the syntax add-on: using the Construct window, the syntax allows us to have a circumstantial Clause follow the conjunction. We need to take into account that the conjunction lies outside the Clause boundary, usually immediately before it. Sometimes a particle like δέ may stand between the conjunction and the Clause, so we will need to use the WITHIN element.
We will build the search as follows:
- Open a new Search Text, choose GNT-T as search text, and choose to search for Words (not Verses) within every Chapter or Book (not Verse, etc)
- Open a new Greek Construct (Command-2), that will be automatically linked to the Search Text
- In the Greek Construct window, drag the Conj. element and drop it into the first column
- When prompted, choose Subclass: conditional, then click OK or press Return
- Drag the element CLAUSE and drop it into the second column
- When prompted, choose Dependent clause only, then Adjunct
- Drag the element WITHIN and drop it between the first and the second column.
- When prompted, enter 3, then click OK or press Return
- Press Return or click on the Search button to perform the search
The results will look like this:
Screen shot 2011-11-13 at 20.35.41.PNG 261.68KB
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For the moment, the results look just like those we had already found. But now we are also searching for the Clause, and we can use it in order to look for specific sets of conditional clauses. We know that Tense or Mood of the Verb determine what kind of condition we have: real, potential, expected or unreal (see Blass-Debrunner-Funk §§ 371-373).
If the Verb takes the Present or Perfect Indicative, the emphasis will be on the reality of the assumption. We can modify our search as follows:
- In the Greek Construct window, drag the element Verb and drop it into the firs column of the Adjun. DEPENDENT Clause
- When prompted, Shift-click to present; then Shift-click to choose: Tense: perfect
- Also choose Mood: Indicative, then click OK or press Return
- Press Return or click on the Search button to perform the search
The results will look like this:
Screen shot 2011-11-14 at 12.32.51.PNG 200.47KB
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If we want to find instead unreal conditions, we will need to modify the tense to imperfect, aorist or pluperfect. This can be done as follows:
- Double-click the element Verb
- When prompted, Shift-click to choose Tense: imperfect; then Shift-click to choose: Tense: aorist; then Shift-click to choose: Tense: pluperfect
- Press Return or click on the Search button to perform the search
The results will look like this:
Screen shot 2011-11-14 at 12.38.33.PNG 231.43KB
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If we want to find instead potential conditions, which take the optative, we will need to remove the Tense and change the Mood to Mood: optative
The results will look like this:
optative.PNG 216.53KB
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If we want to find instead expected conditions, which take the subjunctive, we will need to remove the Tense and change the Mood: indicative to Mood: subjunctive
The results will look like this:
Screen shot 2011-11-13 at 20.32.45.PNG 256.38KB
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Attached Files
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Screen shot 2011-11-13 at 20.32.08.PNG 217.73KB
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Edited by Marco V. Fabbri, 22 November 2015 - 11:53 AM.
