TYA Posted March 27, 2019 Share Posted March 27, 2019 (edited) Great day all, Can someone explain why there is an "energic nun" tag in the final kaf here (see attached)? This is no so for the example directly above it (Psa 63:5) in the screenshot. Thanks Edited March 27, 2019 by TYA Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
Helen Brown Posted March 27, 2019 Share Posted March 27, 2019 I have reported it to the corrections email and also copied Dr. Salisbury at the Groves Institute. There may be a reason for it as it is also in BHS-T and MT-ETCBC. Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
Michel Gilbert Posted March 27, 2019 Share Posted March 27, 2019 Hi Toma, The explanation is in GKC § 58i. Compare the pausal form יְבָרֲכֶנְהוּ in Psalm 72:15 with אֲבָרֲכֶךָּ in Ps 145:2, which has an assimilated נ . GKC is Wilhelm Gesenius, Gesenius’ Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch and A. E. Cowley, 2d, Accordance electronic ed. (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1910). Also see 31.7.2 Energic Non-Perfective Forms in Bruce K. Waltke and Michael P. O’Connor, An Introduction to Biblical Hebrew Syntax, Accordance electronic ed. (Winona Lake, Ind.: Eisenbrauns, 1990). Both say that energic nun can be assimilated. Regards, Michel 1 Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
TYA Posted March 27, 2019 Author Share Posted March 27, 2019 (edited) The explanation is in GKC § 58i. Compare the pausal form יְבָרֲכֶנְהוּ in Psalm 72:15 with אֲבָרֲכֶךָּ in Ps 145:2, which has an assimilated נ . Thank you for this helpful explanation, Michel. Do you mean above, "Compare the pausal form יְבָרֲכֶנְהוּ which has an assimilated נ"? I could understand the nun being assimilated there in Psa 72:15. But since the nun doesn't exist in אֲבָרֲכֶךָּ, would this be called by another term (not unassimilated), I suppose? In other words, I'm understanding the concept of assimilation, so far as the nun is actually present. What accounts for it being absent in Psa 145:2, and yet, somehow still considered to be there as "energic nun"? Edited March 27, 2019 by TYA Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
Michel Gilbert Posted March 27, 2019 Share Posted March 27, 2019 Hi again, Assimilation is a term from first semester of first year Hebrew, explained for instance, in GKC §19b ff: "[§ 19b] 2. Assimilation usually takes place when one consonant which closes a syllable passes over into another beginning the next syllable, and forms with it a strengthened letter, as illustris for inlustris, affero for adfero, συλλαμβάνω for συνλαμβάνω. In Hebrew this occurs, [§ 19c] (a) most frequently with נ, e.g. מִשָּׂם (for min-šām) from there, מִזֶּה (for min-zè) from this, יִתֵּן (for yintēn) he gives. [§ 19f] In all these cases, instead of the assimilated letter, a Dageš forte appears in the following consonant." This is GKC's definition of energic nun: "[§ 58i] 4. A verbal form with a suffix gains additional strength, and some times intentional emphasis, when, instead of the mere connecting vowel, a special connecting-syllable (ăn) is inserted between the suffix and the verbal stem. Since, however, this syllable always has the tone, the ă is invariably (except in the 1st pers. sing.) modified to tone-bearing Sᵉghôl. This is called the Nûn energicum [energic nun]." So, those who tagged אֲבָרֲכֶךָּ recognized the form —ֶךָּ as an energic nun, only the נ is assimilated in this case. For morphology I really can't do more than direct you to GKC. Regards, Michel 3 Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
TYA Posted March 28, 2019 Author Share Posted March 28, 2019 (edited) This is most helpful, Michel--especially when you give the Hebrew examples מִשָּׂם and מִזֶּה. As for the tagging, I suppose that is open to debate in this rarer instance. I know that Gesenius et al. sometimes debate, or theorize on what is actually taking in the Hebrew in rare situations, including energic / paragogic letters. But your answers shine light on this situation for sure. I really appreciate it. I also find it interesting that the DSS reads אברככה instead of אֲבָרֲכֶךָּ, so perhaps no "energizing" of an assimilated nun as far as DSS is concerned there. Edited March 28, 2019 by TYA Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
Helen Brown Posted March 28, 2019 Share Posted March 28, 2019 Thank you Michel, and to Dr. Salisbury who wrote back to me: The "energic Nun" makes it presence known by the strong Dagesh in the final Kaf. Otherwise there is no reason for the Dagesh in the final Kaf. There are 89 such occurrences of an Energic Nun that assimilated into final Kaf suffix, giving it a Dagesh forte. This is consistent with all of the grammars. Blessings, SKS ******** Here are the 89 occurrences: gn12:1,14.1 )AR:)/E75K.F00 gn26:3,6.2 ):ABFR:K/E92K.F gn49:25,3.2 YA(:Z:R/E81K.F gn49:25,6.2 YBF74R:K/E80K.F ex7:2,6.1 ):ACAW./E92K.F nu6:25,5.2 YXUN./E75K.F00 nu24:22,9.1 T.I$:B./E75K.F00 dt4:36,6.2 YAS.:R/E92K.F dt8:5,12.1 M:YAS.:R/E75K.F00 dt12:14,17.1 M:CAW./E75K.F00 dt12:28,9.1 M:CAW./E92K.F dt23:5,21.2 QA75L:L/E75K.F00 dt24:13,10.2 B"75R:AK/E92K.F dt31:6,17.1 YA(AZ:B/E75K.F00 dt31:8,11.1 YA75(AZ:B/E92K.F js1:5,17.1 )E(EZ:B/E75K.F00 ju4:22,12.2 )AR:)/E80K.F 1s9:26,13.2 ):A$AL.:X/E92K.F 1s11:1,16.2 NA(AB:D/E75K.F00 1s12:10,20.2 NA(AB:D/E75K.F00 2s2:22,11.1 )AK./E33K.FH03 2s11:12,10.1 ):A$AL.:X/E92K.F 1k12:4,16.2 NA(AB:D/E75K.F00 1k18:10,23.1 YIM:CF)/E75K.FH00 1k20:34,20.1 ):A$AL.:X/E92K.F 2k2:2,20.1 )E(EZ:B/E92K.F 2k2:4,18.1 )E(EZ:B/E92K.F 2k2:6,17.1 )E(EZ:B/E92K.F 2k3:14,21.1 )ER:)/E75K.F00 2k4:30,9.1 )E(EZ:B/E92K.F is10:24,14.1 YAK./E80K.FH is26:9,7.1 ):A$A75X:AR/E92K.F is38:18,4.1 T.OWD/E73K.F is38:18,6.1 Y:HAL:L/E92K.F is43:5,10.1 ):AQAB.:C/E75K.F00 is44:2,7.1 YA(:Z:R/E92K.F is49:7,24.2 Y.IB:XFR/E75K.F00 je1:17,11.1 ):ACAW./E92K.F je22:24,19.1 )ET.:Q/E75N:K.F00 je30:11,24.1 ):ANAQ./E75K.F00 je33:3,3.2 )E(:EN/E92K.F je40:15,21.1 YAK./E74K.FH je46:28,27.1 ):ANAQ./E75K.F00 hb2:17,4.1 Y:KAS./E80K.F zc1:9,11.1 )AR:)/E73K.F 1c28:20,20.1 YA75(AZ:B/E80K.F 2c10:4,15.2 NA75(AB:D/E75K.F00 ps7:8,3.1 T.:SOWB:B/E92K.F ps20:3,5.1 YIS:(FD/E75K.F00 ps22:23,6.1 ):AHAL:L/E75K.F00 ps30:13,9.1 )OWD/E75K.F00 ps35:18,6.1 ):AHA75L:L/E75K.F00 ps63:2,4.1 ):A35$AX:A60R/E71K.F ps76:11,4.1 T.OWD/E92K.F ps81:8,3.2 ):AXA60L.:C/E71K.F ps86:7,3.1 )EQ:RF)/E81K.F ps88:14,7.1 T:QAD.:M/E75K.F00 ps118:28,3.2 )OWD/E92K.F ps118:28,5.1 ):AROWM:M/E75K.F00 ps119:175,3.2 T:HA75L:L/E92K.F ps121:6,4.1 YAK./E81K.FH ps138:1,7.1 ):AZAM.:R/E75K.F00 ps145:2,3.1 ):ABFR:AK/E92K.F jb1:11,13.1 Y:BFR:AK/E75K.F00 jb2:5,14.1 Y:BFR:AK/E75K.F00 jb5:1,4.1 (OWN/E92K.F jb5:19,3.1 YAC.IYL/E92K.F jb12:7,5.2 TOR/E92K.F jb12:8,4.2 TOR/E92K.F jb14:15,3.1 )E75(:EN/E92K.F jb22:11,7.1 T.:KAS./E75K.F00 jb22:27,3.2 YI$:MF(/E92K.F jb33:7,4.1 T:BA(:AT/E92K.F jb33:12,5.1 )E(:EN/E92K.F jb33:32,8.1 CAD.:Q/E75K.F00 jb36:2,4.2 ):AXAW./E92K.F jb36:18,9.1 YA+./E75K.F00 jb38:34,6.1 T.:KAS./E75K.F00 jb40:4,4.1 ):A$IYB/E92K.F jb40:14,3.1 )OWD/E92K.F pr2:11,5.1 TIN:C:R/E75K.FH00 pr4:6,3.2 TI$:M:R/E92K.F pr4:6,5.2 TIC.:R/E75K.F00 pr4:8,2.2 T:ROWM:M/E92K.F pr4:9,7.1 T.:MAG.:N/E75K.F00 pr7:15,7.2 )EM:CF)/E75K.F00 pr9:8,5.1 YI&:NF)/E92K.F pr9:8,8.2 YE):EHFB/E75K.F00 lm3:57,3.1 )EQ:RF)/E80K.F ******** Note the actual code for the word after each reference. Until Accordance (and later other software) offered a readable tagged text derived from the Westminster database, this is what scholars had to work with. 2 Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
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